Name: 
 

2005 Biology



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 


mc001-1.jpg
What is the total magnification used to view these onion cells through this microscope setup?
a.
10
c.
50
b.
40
d.
400
 

 2. 

External sources, such as radiation or chemicals, can cause mutations ingenes or entire chromosomes. For a mutation to pass on to offspring, it must occur in a —
a.
brain cell
c.
sex cell
b.
muscle cell
d.
bone cell
 

 3. 

Scientists believe that a dinosaur known as a hadrosaurus was a plant eater. Which of the following pieces of evidence supports this conclusion?
a.
Hadrosaurus fossils are found with
fossils of other dinosaurs that were
herbivores.
c.
The fossilized teeth of the hadrosaurus
are flat like the teeth of modern
herbivores.
b.
Fossilized plant remains are found with
the fossils of the hadrosaurus.
d.
The regions where hadrosaurus fossils
are found were heavily forested.
 

 4. 

A biology class in Virginia conducted a survey of the plant species found on their school grounds. They found several plants that they didn’t recognize. What resources would be most helpful to the class in identifying the plants and determining if they were introduced as exotic species?
a.
Biology textbooks and the encyclopedia
c.
Fossil records and historical society
publications
b.
Virginia native plant checklists and
plant identification keys
d.
Virginia newspapers and science
journals
 

 5. 

Which of these is responsible for the “rough” appearance of endoplasmic reticulum?
a.
DNA
c.
Lysosomes
b.
Enzymes
d.
Ribosomes
 

 6. 


mc006-1.jpg
In snapdragons, the combined expression of both alleles for flower color produces a new phenotype that is pink. This illustrates incomplete dominance. The Punnett square above shows that both the white and red snapdragons are homozygous. Which of the following would be the correct product from a cross between two
heterozygous pink snapdragons?
a.
2 red, 1 pink, 1 white
c.
1 red, 1 pink, 2 white
b.
1 red, 2 pink, 1 white
d.
2 red, 2 white
 

 7. 


mc007-1.jpg
According to the data in the graph,
during which time period did the
overall bluegill population decline?
a.
1990–1993
c.
1996–1999
b.
1993–1996
d.
1999–2002
 

 8. 

A biology class of 24 students decides to measure the height of each student and then calculate the average height for the class. Which of these is a possible source of error in this activity?
a.
The accuracy of making and recording
measurements
c.
The number of males and females in the
class
b.
The total number of students in the
class
d.
The difference in the ages of the
students in the class
 

 9. 

The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy-transferring molecule used by cells is —
a.
DNA
c.
ATP
b.
RNA
d.
CO2
 

 10. 


mc010-1.jpg
Which of the following phases is the
first step in mitosis?
a.
Anaphase
c.
Prophase
b.
Metaphase
d.
Telophase
 

 11. 

Escherichia coli is the scientific name of a bacterium. What category of classification is Escherichia?
a.
Order
c.
Phylum
b.
Genus
d.
Species
 

 12. 


mc012-1.jpg
Shenandoah National Park is home to many different types of ecosystems. According to the characteristics shown above, which ecosystem would most likely be home to a mixture of wildlife species from northern, cooler ranges and southern, warmer ranges?
a.
Transition forest
c.
Northern Needleleaf forest
b.
Appalachian Cove forest
d.
Oak-Hickory forest
 

 13. 

Tissue samples taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be expected to have the same —
a.
cell shape
c.
metabolic rates
b.
cell size
d.
DNA
 

 14. 


mc014-1.jpg
Rabbits have developed behavioral and physiological strategies to sustain them through periods of environmental stress. Which of the numbered life processes above could be sacrificed without affecting an individual rabbit’s survival in periods
of extremely poor environmental conditions?
a.
1
c.
3
b.
2
d.
4
 

 15. 

A company that produces Brand X flea shampoo claims to have the most effective shampoo for killing fleas. Which of these sets of data supports the Brand X claim?
a.
mc015-1.jpg
c.
mc015-3.jpg
b.
mc015-2.jpg
d.
mc015-4.jpg
 

 16. 

A student hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs. The student collects data on several dogs, and the data show that dogs that live outdoors have thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. What should the student conclude?
a.
Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may
not survive indoors.
c.
Inheritance alone may not account for
thick leg muscles in dogs.
b.
Dogs with thick leg muscles may require
more exercise than dogs with thin leg
muscles.
d.
Inheritance of thick leg muscles may be
associated with coat thickness in dogs.
 

 17. 

Over many generations, unrelated or distantly related species may come to resemble each other due to —
a.
similar environmental factors
c.
homologous structural adaptations
b.
similar genetic mutations
d.
competition with each other
 

 18. 

Each drawing represents different stages in community succession within the state of Virginia. Which of the following drawings represents the climax community in this succession pattern?
a.
mc018-1.jpg
c.
mc018-3.jpg
b.
mc018-2.jpg
d.
mc018-4.jpg
 

 19. 

Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —
a.
store energy
c.
form cell walls
b.
contain nitrogen
d.
provide insulation
 

 20. 

Ice floats on a lake. This characteristic of water is responsible for —
a.
suffocation of aquatic organisms
c.
altering migration patterns of fish
b.
mixing a lake’s thermal layers
d.
preventing a lake from freezing solid
 

 21. 

Algae and multicellular plants are autotrophs because they —
a.
decompose dead organisms
c.
break down starches to glucose
b.
absorb nutrients from soil
d.
capture sunlight to produce sugars
 

 22. 

Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are nonmotile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement?
a.
Ribosomes
c.
Chloroplasts
b.
Flagella
d.
Vacuoles
 

 23. 

Francesco Redi performed an experiment in 1668. In the experiment, he placed rotting meat in two jars. The first jar was left open. After a few days, fly larvae were found on the decaying meat inside. The mouth of the second jar was covered with gauze. After a few days, the decaying meat inside was free of fly larvae, but larvae were found on the gauze. This experiment supports the hypothesis that —
a.
adult flies are not attracted to decaying
meat
c.
fly larvae only come from adult flies
b.
fly larvae prefer fresh meat
d.
decaying meat produces fly larvae
 

 24. 


mc024-1.jpg
According to the table, as vertebrate embryos develop —
a.
amphibians and humans develop the
same structures
c.
reptiles and amphibians grow external
ears
b.
only mammals develop both limbs and
external ears
d.
limbs and external ears grow on
mammals and birds
 

 25. 


mc025-1.jpg
Which type of Drosophila probably changed the least over time?
a.
Drosophila melanogaster
c.
Drosophila equinoxialis equinoxialis
b.
Drosophila willistoni
d.
Drosophila equinoxialis caribbensis
 

 26. 

What repackages proteins into forms the cell can use, expel, or keep stored?
a.
Lysosomes
c.
Golgi bodies
b.
Mitochondria
d.
Centrioles
 

 27. 

Bones do all of the following EXCEPT —
a.
make nerve cells
c.
protect organs
b.
make blood cells
d.
store calcium
 

 28. 

Which of these is the best model of a prokaryotic cell?
a.
mc028-1.jpg
c.
mc028-3.jpg
b.
mc028-2.jpg
d.
mc028-4.jpg
 

 29. 

The organisms in a typical backyard are likely to include bacteria, grass, shrubs, trees, insects, spiders, birds, and small mammals. Together, all these organisms make up —
a.
a kingdom
c.
a population
b.
a community
d.
an experimental group
 

 30. 

Change in species is described as a process that usually occurs over long periods of time. Yet, even though antibiotics have only been widely used for fifty years, scientists recognize that overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistant strains
of bacteria. The reason this can occur in a relatively short span of time is that —
a.
bacteria are very small
c.
there are many different types of
bacteria
b.
bacteria reproduce rapidly
d.
travelers carry bacteria around the
world
 

 31. 


mc031-1.jpg
The differences in the above characteristics of flower species most likely resulted from —
a.
parasitism, which did not harm the host
species
c.
adaptations in response to different
selection pressures
b.
mutualism between different plant
species
d.
defensive mutations allowing
concealment of species
 

 32. 

A biologist has just discovered a new life form. The newly described organism is multicellular, does not carry on photosynthesis, and absorbs nutrients from the environment. It is composed of eukaryotic cells with cell walls. In which kingdom would the organism be classified?
a.
Plant
c.
Bacteria
b.
Animal
d.
Fungi
 

 33. 

Wetlands are very specialized ecosystems. Of the following causes of wetland loss, which do people have the least control over?
a.
Droughts
c.
Discharge of pollutants
b.
Draining and filling
d.
Overgrazing
 

 34. 

Biochemical substances in the human body are maintained at about a neutral
pH except for the —
a.
blood
c.
internal material of living cells
b.
stomach fluids
d.
lymph
 

 35. 


mc035-1.jpg
This chart compares the base sequences of homologous segments of DNA from three primates. Based on this information, how many differences in the resulting amino acid sequences would you expect to find between humans and chimpanzees?
a.
2
c.
4
b.
3
d.
6
 

 36. 

When there is a lower concentration of water outside of a plant cell rather than inside a plant cell, the plant will tend to —
a.
grow toward the sun
c.
gain water and become rigid
b.
lose water and wilt
d.
increase its rate of photosynthesis
 

 37. 


mc037-1.jpg
This graph suggests that from 1840 to 1920, the carrying capacity for sheep in Tasmania was approximately —
a.
0.75 million
c.
1.75 million
b.
1.00 million
d.
2.25 million
 

 38. 

Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelle would this process occur?
a.
Mitochondrion
c.
Lysosome
b.
Ribosome
d.
Golgi body
 

 39. 

Harvester ants often strip a bush of all of its leaves. Some people believe this helps the plant grow thicker, healthier stems. In an experiment, a student stripped off all the leaves from a set of plants. In a second set of identical plants, the student allowed ants to strip off the plants’ leaves. In order to improve this experimental design, it is most important to add a set of plants —
a.
exposed to a different ant species
c.
with its leaves left intact
b.
of a different species
d.
that are dormant
 

 40. 

Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of —
a.
carbohydrates
c.
lipids
b.
enzymes
d.
polysaccharides
 

 41. 


mc041-1.jpg
These data were collected by observing responses of different organisms to light. Which conclusion is supported by these data?
a.
Organisms that use photosynthesis are
attracted to light.
c.
Animals are attracted to light.
b.
Protists are not attracted to light.
d.
Decomposers are attracted to light.
 

 42. 

In 1869, DNA was discovered within the nuclei of cells. By the 1940s, scientists knew that chromosomes were made of both DNA and protein but did not know which was the genetic material of cells. In the 1950s, scientists demonstrated that DNA is
the material responsible for heredity. In 1953, using information collected by other scientists, an American biologist and an English physicist built a three-dimensional model of DNA. These discoveries best illustrate the importance of —
a.
independent research
c.
collaborative efforts among scientists
b.
replication of results
d.
recent improvements in the scientific
method
 

 43. 

Which of these is most responsible for carrying coded information from the nucleus?
a.
The cell membrane
c.
mRNA
b.
The ribosomes
d.
ATP
 

 44. 


mc044-1.jpg
The above information was collected in the field while studying the effect of pH on the growth of the duckweed plant. The data shows that duckweed has optimum growth at a pH of —
a.
4
c.
8
b.
6
d.
12
 

 45. 


mc045-1.jpg
Which of the following is the best evidence that this bird is nocturnal?
a.
The shape of its beak
c.
The thickness of its feathers
b.
The size of its eyes
d.
The length of its talons
 

 46. 



mc046-1.jpg
This key can be used to distinguish four species of frogs found in ponds in eastern Virginia. To which species does the frog shown belong?
a.
Rana sphenocephala
c.
Rana catesbeiana
b.
Rana clamitans
d.
Rana virgatipes
 

 47. 

Which question cannot be answered scientifically because the quantity cannot actually be measured?
a.
How fast can a tiger swallowtail
butterfly fly?
c.
How happy is a chimpanzee when it
finds its favorite food?
b.
How heavy is a mature female
elephant?
d.
How much food does a water buffalo
consume in one day?
 

 48. 

The chances of developing cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia are higher if a family member also has the disorder because they are —
a.
highly infectious
c.
genetically based
b.
passed through blood contact
d.
related to diet
 

 49. 

Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food because they do not have —
a.
roots
c.
spores
b.
hyphae
d.
chlorophyll
 

 50. 


mc050-1.jpg
Four disinfectants were tested in two trials, each for their effectiveness in controlling bacterial growth. The table shows the bacterial growth in each
trial after four days. Which of the following conclusions is best supported
by the results of this study?
a.
Disinfectants kill most bacteria on
contact.
c.
Some disinfectants are more effective
than others.
b.
Strong concentrations of disinfectants
can be harmful.
d.
Disinfectants cannot be used to control
bacterial infections.
 



 
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