Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What is the total magnification used to view
these onion cells through this microscope setup?
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2.
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External sources, such as radiation or chemicals, can cause mutations ingenes
or entire chromosomes. For a mutation to pass on to offspring, it must occur in a —
a. | brain cell | c. | sex cell | b. | muscle cell | d. | bone cell |
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3.
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Scientists believe that a dinosaur known as a hadrosaurus was a plant eater.
Which of the following pieces of evidence supports this conclusion?
a. | Hadrosaurus fossils are found with fossils of other dinosaurs that
were herbivores. | c. | The fossilized teeth of the hadrosaurus are flat like the teeth of
modern herbivores. | b. | Fossilized plant remains are found with the
fossils of the hadrosaurus. | d. | The regions where hadrosaurus fossils are found were heavily
forested. |
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4.
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A biology class in Virginia conducted a survey of the plant species found on
their school grounds. They found several plants that they didn’t recognize. What resources
would be most helpful to the class in identifying the plants and determining if they were
introduced as exotic species?
a. | Biology textbooks and the encyclopedia | c. | Fossil records and historical
society publications | b. | Virginia native plant checklists and plant
identification keys | d. | Virginia newspapers and science journals |
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5.
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Which of these is responsible for the “rough” appearance of
endoplasmic reticulum?
a. | DNA | c. | Lysosomes | b. | Enzymes | d. | Ribosomes |
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6.
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In snapdragons, the combined expression of
both alleles for flower color produces a new phenotype that is pink. This illustrates incomplete
dominance. The Punnett square above shows that both the white and red snapdragons are homozygous.
Which of the following would be the correct product from a cross between two heterozygous pink
snapdragons?
a. | 2 red, 1 pink, 1 white | c. | 1 red, 1 pink, 2 white | b. | 1 red, 2 pink, 1
white | d. | 2 red, 2
white |
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7.
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According to the data in the graph, during
which time period did the overall bluegill population decline?
a. | 1990–1993 | c. | 1996–1999 | b. | 1993–1996 | d. | 1999–2002 |
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8.
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A biology class of 24 students decides to measure the height of each student
and then calculate the average height for the class. Which of these is a possible source of error in
this activity?
a. | The accuracy of making and recording measurements | c. | The number of males and females in
the class | b. | The total number of students in the class | d. | The difference in the ages of the students
in the class |
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9.
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The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of
heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy-transferring molecule used by
cells is —
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10.
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Which of the following phases is the first
step in mitosis?
a. | Anaphase | c. | Prophase | b. | Metaphase | d. | Telophase |
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11.
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Escherichia coli is the scientific name of a bacterium. What category
of classification is Escherichia?
a. | Order | c. | Phylum | b. | Genus | d. | Species |
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12.
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Shenandoah National Park is home to many different types of ecosystems. According to the
characteristics shown above, which ecosystem would most likely be home to a mixture of
wildlife species from northern, cooler ranges and southern, warmer ranges?
a. | Transition forest | c. | Northern Needleleaf forest | b. | Appalachian Cove
forest | d. | Oak-Hickory
forest |
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13.
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Tissue samples taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be
expected to have the same —
a. | cell shape | c. | metabolic rates | b. | cell size | d. | DNA |
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14.
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Rabbits have developed behavioral and
physiological strategies to sustain them through periods of environmental stress. Which of the
numbered life processes above could be sacrificed without affecting an individual rabbit’s
survival in periods of extremely poor environmental conditions?
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15.
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A company that produces Brand X flea shampoo claims to have the most
effective shampoo for killing fleas. Which of these sets of data supports the Brand X
claim?
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16.
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A student hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs.
The student collects data on several dogs, and the data show that dogs that live outdoors have
thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. What should the student conclude?
a. | Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may not survive indoors. | c. | Inheritance alone
may not account for thick leg muscles in dogs. | b. | Dogs with thick leg muscles may require more
exercise than dogs with thin leg muscles. | d. | Inheritance of thick leg muscles may
be associated with coat thickness in dogs. |
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17.
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Over many generations, unrelated or distantly related species may come to
resemble each other due to —
a. | similar environmental factors | c. | homologous structural
adaptations | b. | similar genetic mutations | d. | competition with each other |
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18.
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Each drawing represents different stages in community succession within the
state of Virginia. Which of the following drawings represents the climax community in this succession
pattern?
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19.
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Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both
—
a. | store energy | c. | form cell walls | b. | contain nitrogen | d. | provide
insulation |
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20.
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Ice floats on a lake. This characteristic of water is responsible for
—
a. | suffocation of aquatic organisms | c. | altering migration patterns of
fish | b. | mixing a lake’s thermal layers | d. | preventing a lake from freezing solid
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21.
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Algae and multicellular plants are autotrophs because they —
a. | decompose dead organisms | c. | break down starches to
glucose | b. | absorb nutrients from soil | d. | capture sunlight to produce sugars |
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22.
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Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are
nonmotile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement?
a. | Ribosomes | c. | Chloroplasts | b. | Flagella | d. | Vacuoles |
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23.
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Francesco Redi performed an experiment in 1668. In the experiment, he placed
rotting meat in two jars. The first jar was left open. After a few days, fly larvae were found on the
decaying meat inside. The mouth of the second jar was covered with gauze. After a few days, the
decaying meat inside was free of fly larvae, but larvae were found on the gauze. This experiment
supports the hypothesis that —
a. | adult flies are not attracted to decaying meat | c. | fly larvae only come from adult
flies | b. | fly larvae prefer fresh meat | d. | decaying meat produces fly
larvae |
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24.
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According to the table, as vertebrate embryos
develop —
a. | amphibians and humans develop the same structures | c. | reptiles and amphibians grow
external ears | b. | only mammals develop both limbs and external ears | d. | limbs and external ears grow on mammals and
birds |
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25.
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Which type of Drosophila probably
changed the least over time?
a. | Drosophila melanogaster | c. | Drosophila equinoxialis
equinoxialis | b. | Drosophila willistoni | d. | Drosophila equinoxialis
caribbensis |
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26.
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What repackages proteins into forms the cell can use, expel, or keep
stored?
a. | Lysosomes | c. | Golgi bodies | b. | Mitochondria | d. | Centrioles |
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27.
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Bones do all of the following EXCEPT —
a. | make nerve cells | c. | protect organs | b. | make blood cells | d. | store calcium |
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28.
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Which of these is the best model of a prokaryotic cell?
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29.
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The organisms in a typical backyard are likely to include bacteria, grass,
shrubs, trees, insects, spiders, birds, and small mammals. Together, all these organisms make up
—
a. | a kingdom | c. | a population | b. | a community | d. | an experimental
group |
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30.
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Change in species is described as a process that usually occurs over long
periods of time. Yet, even though antibiotics have only been widely used for fifty years, scientists
recognize that overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The
reason this can occur in a relatively short span of time is that —
a. | bacteria are very small | c. | there are many different types
of bacteria | b. | bacteria reproduce rapidly | d. | travelers carry bacteria around the world |
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31.
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The differences in the above characteristics
of flower species most likely resulted from —
a. | parasitism, which did not harm the host species | c. | adaptations in response to
different selection pressures | b. | mutualism between different
plant species | d. | defensive
mutations allowing concealment of species |
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32.
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A biologist has just discovered a new life form. The newly described organism
is multicellular, does not carry on photosynthesis, and absorbs nutrients from the environment. It is
composed of eukaryotic cells with cell walls. In which kingdom would the organism be
classified?
a. | Plant | c. | Bacteria | b. | Animal | d. | Fungi |
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33.
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Wetlands are very specialized ecosystems. Of the following causes of wetland
loss, which do people have the least control over?
a. | Droughts | c. | Discharge of pollutants | b. | Draining and
filling | d. | Overgrazing |
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34.
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Biochemical substances in the human body are maintained at about a
neutral pH except for the —
a. | blood | c. | internal material of living cells | b. | stomach
fluids | d. | lymph |
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35.
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This chart compares the base sequences of
homologous segments of DNA from three primates. Based on this information, how many differences in
the resulting amino acid sequences would you expect to find between humans and
chimpanzees?
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36.
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When there is a lower concentration of water outside of a plant cell rather
than inside a plant cell, the plant will tend to —
a. | grow toward the sun | c. | gain water and become rigid | b. | lose water and wilt
| d. | increase its rate of
photosynthesis |
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37.
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This graph suggests that from 1840 to 1920,
the carrying capacity for sheep in Tasmania was approximately —
a. | 0.75 million | c. | 1.75 million | b. | 1.00 million | d. | 2.25 million |
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38.
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Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which
cellular organelle would this process occur?
a. | Mitochondrion | c. | Lysosome | b. | Ribosome | d. | Golgi body |
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39.
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Harvester ants often strip a bush of all of its leaves. Some people believe
this helps the plant grow thicker, healthier stems. In an experiment, a student stripped off all the
leaves from a set of plants. In a second set of identical plants, the student allowed ants to strip
off the plants’ leaves. In order to improve this experimental design, it is most
important to add a set of plants —
a. | exposed to a different ant species | c. | with its leaves left
intact | b. | of a different species | d. | that are dormant |
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40.
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Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of
—
a. | carbohydrates | c. |
lipids | b. | enzymes | d. | polysaccharides |
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41.
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These data were collected by observing
responses of different organisms to light. Which conclusion is supported by these data?
a. | Organisms that use photosynthesis are attracted to light. | c. | Animals are
attracted to light. | b. | Protists are not attracted to
light. | d. | Decomposers are
attracted to light. |
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42.
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In 1869, DNA was discovered within the nuclei of cells. By the 1940s,
scientists knew that chromosomes were made of both DNA and protein but did not know which was the
genetic material of cells. In the 1950s, scientists demonstrated that DNA is the material
responsible for heredity. In 1953, using information collected by other scientists, an American
biologist and an English physicist built a three-dimensional model of DNA. These discoveries best
illustrate the importance of —
a. | independent research | c. | collaborative efforts among scientists | b. | replication of
results | d. | recent improvements
in the scientific method |
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43.
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Which of these is most responsible for carrying coded information from the
nucleus?
a. | The cell membrane | c. | mRNA | b. | The ribosomes | d. | ATP |
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44.
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The above information was collected in the
field while studying the effect of pH on the growth of the duckweed plant. The data shows that
duckweed has optimum growth at a pH of —
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45.
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Which of the following is the best
evidence that this bird is nocturnal?
a. | The shape of its beak | c. | The thickness of its feathers | b. | The size of its
eyes | d. | The length of its
talons |
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46.
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This key can be used to distinguish four
species of frogs found in ponds in eastern Virginia. To which species does the frog shown
belong?
a. | Rana sphenocephala | c. | Rana
catesbeiana | b. | Rana clamitans | d. | Rana virgatipes |
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47.
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Which question cannot be answered scientifically because the quantity cannot
actually be measured?
a. | How fast can a tiger swallowtail butterfly fly? | c. | How happy is a chimpanzee when
it finds its favorite food? | b. | How heavy is a mature
female elephant? | d. | How
much food does a water buffalo consume in one day? |
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48.
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The chances of developing cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia are higher
if a family member also has the disorder because they are —
a. | highly infectious | c. | genetically based | b. | passed through blood
contact | d. | related to
diet |
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49.
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Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food because they do not have
—
a. | roots | c. | spores | b. | hyphae | d. | chlorophyll |
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50.
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Four disinfectants were tested in two trials,
each for their effectiveness in controlling bacterial growth. The table shows the bacterial growth in
each trial after four days. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the
results of this study?
a. | Disinfectants kill most bacteria on contact. | c. | Some disinfectants are more
effective than others. | b. | Strong concentrations of disinfectants can
be harmful. | d. | Disinfectants
cannot be used to control bacterial infections. |
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