Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A student soaked 50 lima bean seeds and 50 green
bean seeds in water for 24 hours. Then she planted the seeds in soil at a depth of two centimeters,
using the same amount of water, light, and heat for each kind of seed. She measured every three days
to determine which type of seed grew the fastest. The paragraph describes
—
a. | an observation | c. | an experiment | b. | a
hypothesis | d. | a conclusion |
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2.
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As the seasons change from summer to fall, there
are fewer hours of daylight. Which is a typical response of a dogwood tree to this
change?
a. | Producing flowers | c. | Dropping its leaves | b. | Increasing its
growth rate | d. | Shedding bark |
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3.
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Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, get their
nutrition primarily by —
a. | producing food by chemosynthesis | c. | preying on other organisms | b. | decomposing dead organic matter | d. | parasitic
relationships with plants |
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4.
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Which discovery was essential to the concept
that all life forms have cells as basic units?
a. | Water is the chemical solvent involved in many cell
processes. | c. | Some substances in organisms exist outside of
cells. | b. | New cells are produced from the division of existing
cells. | d. | Cells are dependent on energy and nutrients from external
sources. |
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5.
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The oxygen content in the atmosphere of the
early Earth is thought to have increased significantly once which of these
developed?
a. | Amino acids | c. | Photosynthetic bacteria | b. | Archaebacteria | d. | Mitochondria |
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6.
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a. | Use fingers to transfer the
pellets. | c. | Use forceps to transfer the
pellets. | b. | Handle the pellets with paper
towels. | d. | Pour the pellets directly from the supply
bottle. |
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7.
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Why does sexual reproduction result in greater
diversity among offspring than does asexual reproduction?
a. | Only mitosis must occur in sexual
reproduction. | c. | Sexual reproduction may occur at a faster
rate. | b. | New combinations of genes result from sexual
reproduction. | d. | Mutations are more likely to occur in asexual
reproduction. |
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8.
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A scientist wants to study the behavior of bald
eagles. Which of these plans should be used to study the hunting habits of bald
eagles?
a. | Analyze the eagles at a zoo for several
months. | c. | Ask a national park ranger questions about
eagles. | b. | Observe the eagles along the Potomac River for a
year. | d. | Research hawks and make inferences about
eagles. |
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9.
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Which of these would be the best conclusion regarding the experimental results
shown?
a. | The tallest this species of plant will ever grow is 50
cm. | c. | The ideal temperature for all plant growth is 26Cº
. | b. | This species of plant grew best between 18Cº and
26Cº . | d. | Plants will not grow above 26Cº . |
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10.
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In 1847, a scientist noted that when physicians
washed their hands before they had contact with their patients, there was a decreased number of
infections. This was one of the first clues that —
a. | bacteria generate spontaneously on
hands | c. | bacteria are present in water | b. | physicians deliberately infected patients | d. | substances such as
bacteria may cause diseases |
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11.
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Biologists surveyed four islands in a chain near a continent. They identified
species found on the mainland and those species that were unique to each island. Based on these
results, which island is probably farthest from the mainland?
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12.
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Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds because monarch caterpillars eat
milkweed. Viceroy butterflies closely resemble monarchs, but are not toxic since the caterpillars do
not eat milkweed. This similarity in appearance developed because viceroy butterflies that closely
resemble monarchs are —
a. | less likely to be eaten by birds | c. | more likely to eat milkweed | b. | more likely to mate with monarchs | d. | less likely to
produce offspring |
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13.
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In a student experiment, 4 earthworms were placed at each end of a compartment
as shown. After 10 minutes, all of the earthworms were together in the same area. The students
concluded that the earthworms had moved as far as they could in that period of time. Which
alternative explanation is also supported?
a. | The earthworms moved to their preferred temperature
range. | c. | The earthworms preferred to be in protected
corners. | b. | The earthworms needed to be with other earthworms for
warmth. | d. | The earthworms moved randomly until they grouped
together. |
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14.
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The German physician Robert Koch provided
evidence to support the germ theory of infectious disease. Koch isolated bacteria from a cow with
anthrax, then injected the bacteria into a healthy mouse. To support germ theory, what must have
happened to the healthy mouse?
a. | It became sick. | c. | It
produced antibiotics. | b. | It spread
smallpox. | d. | It became immune to viral infections. |
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15.
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Some fish travel from saltwater to freshwater or
from freshwater to saltwater but still maintain the concentration of salt in their cells. This is an
example of —
a. | mutation | c. | homeostasis | b. | positive
feedback | d. | cellular injury |
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16.
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A researcher discovers two populations of birds
that are similar. The two populations live in habitats that are different. What evidence might
suggest to the researcher that the birds belong to different species rather than the same
species?
a. | Some birds appear to be hybrids of the birds in the two
populations. | c. | Birds in the two populations sometimes feed in different
locations. | b. | The birds in the
two populations have different mating behaviors. | d. | The two
populations of birds feed at different times of the day. |
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17.
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The table indicates the number of amino acids that differ in the amino-acid
sequence of the hemoglobin from selected organisms when compared to human hemoglobin. On the basis of
this information, which organism would be classified as most closely related to
humans?
a. | Lamprey | c. | Dog | b. | Frog | d. | Macaque |
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18.
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Scientists can use genetic information to
identify people because it is unique to each person. Which specific characteristic is unique to an
individual?
a. | The shape of the DNA molecules in
cells | c. | The sequence of DNA nucleotides in
cells | b. | The number of chromosomes in each
cell | d. | The size of each chromosome in a cell |
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19.
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According to the energy pyramid, the most energy is present in organisms
living at the same level as the —
a. | bobcat | c. | grasshoppers | b. | birds | d. | grass |
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20.
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This dichotomous key can be used to distinguish white wildflowers found in
Virginia. According to this key, what type of flower is shown?
a. | Trientalis borealis | c. | Fragaria virginiana | b. | Stellaria
media | d. | Gillenia trifoliata |
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21.
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Which is an important function of the cell structure in this
model?
a. | Controlling passage of materials | c. | Transferring hereditary material to offspring | b. | Packaging cell products for export | d. | Preventing a cell
from bursting due to osmosis |
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22.
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Fossil records can be studied to determine how
organisms change through time. Which of the following methods for studying organisms could least
likely be accomplished by studying the fossil record?
a. | Comparing sleep patterns of
organisms | c. | Comparing homologous structures of
organisms | b. | Dating organisms by the relative order of their
fossils | d. | Determining when extinction of species
occurred |
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23.
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Which is the name of structure 4?
a. | Nucleus | c. | Vacuole | b. | Ribosome | d. | Cell wall |
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24.
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The nerve cell shown has branches that develop during cell specialization.
Which of these functions does a nerve cell’s branches help the cell
perform?
a. | Communicating with other cells | c. | Storing extra DNA | b. | Moving from
location to location | d. | Exerting force on non-nervous
tissue |
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25.
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Many marine invertebrates have body surfaces
that are permeable to water but not to salt. Osmosis can change the pressure of their body fluids.
Fortunately, the ocean is very stable in its salt content. What would happen if a jellyfish were
placed in a very low-salt environment such as an estuary?
a. | It would gain water from the
environment. | c. | It would lose proteins into the
water. | b. | It would gain nutrients from the water in the
environment. | d. | It would lose salt into the water. |
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26.
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-ACGAT-
The base sequence of an RNA strand that complements this DNA base sequence is
—
a. | TGCTA | c. | ACGAU | b. | ACGAT | d. | UGCUA |
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27.
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Organisms from which kingdom are most likely to
chemically digest their food outside their bodies?
a. | Fungus | c. | Protist | b. | Animal | d. | Plant |
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28.
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Dutch Elm Disease is a destructive fungal
infection that kills elm trees. Some elms are more resistant to the disease than other elms. Which
best explains this difference?
a. | Resistant trees form a symbiotic relationship with the
fungus. | c. | Resistant trees have beneficial variations of some
genes. | b. | Resistant trees gain resistant properties from the
soil. | d. | Resistant trees produce frequent
mutations. |
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29.
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What did the work of these scientists contribute to the study of
biology?
a. | It disproved the theory of spontaneous
generation. | c. | It provided an alternative to the cell theory of
life. | b. | It supported hypotheses about the origin of
life. | d. | It explained the method by which natural selection
occurs. |
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30.
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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as
—
a. | replication | c. | cytokinesis | b. | internal
fertilization | d. | crossing over |
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31.
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Some snake embryos have small buds resembling
limbs. These buds disappear at later stages of embryo development. These findings suggest that these
snakes —
a. | had a parent with limbs | c. | will have offspring with limbs | b. | have functional limbs as adults | d. | evolved from an
ancestor that had limbs |
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32.
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The main reason that eating salty foods makes a
person thirsty is that additional fluid is needed to —
a. | increase the salinity of the blood | c. | maintain the fluid balance in the cells | b. | dissolve salt crystals in the stomach | d. | prevent damage to
the lining of the throat |
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33.
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Which graph best illustrates the expected change
in the finch population if the environment changes to
favor small beaks?
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34.
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A scientist observes that a species of insect
appears to be more numerous during dry summers than during wet summers. Which is the next step to
determine an explanation of this phenomenon?
a. | Develop a hypothesis | c. | Observe the species in the winter | b. | Publish the observation | d. | Present a theory
in a scientific journal |
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35.
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A student is planning a field study of a pond in
which a large increase in algae populations has been observed. Large numbers of dead fish have also
been observed in the pond. To find out what caused the death of the fish, the student should do each
of these EXCEPT —
a. | test for chemicals that might poison fish and cause
algae to grow | c. | look for sources of pollution that may be affecting the
pond | b. | measure the dissolved oxygen content in pond-water
samples | d. | measure the amount of light at various levels in the
pond |
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36.
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In a plant that has red flowers, red flower
color, R, is completely dominant to white flower color, r. If the plant is heterozygous for flower
color, which alleles will be carried by the gametes it produces?
a. | R and r | c. | r
only | b. | R only | d. | Rr
only |
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37.
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Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution based on observations of
nature. Which observation that contributed to his theory is illustrated by this population of
beetles?
a. | Environmental resources are
limited. | c. | Individuals within a population may vary
widely. | b. | Populations remain stable over
time. | d. | Species produce more offspring than can
survive. |
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38.
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Many residents in a small town have developed a
bacterial infection. Two students hypothesize that the bacteria are coming from the town’s
drinking water. They look for the bacteria in water samples from the lake that supplies 80 percent of
the town’s drinking water. When they find no bacteria, the students conclude that the
town’s residents are not getting the bacteria from their drinking water. Which is a source of
error in the students’ experimental design?
a. | Water from the lake was not tested for other possible
pathogens. | c. | The residents’ genetic predisposition for getting
ill was not determined. | b. | Residents of other
nearby towns were not tested for the bacteria. | d. | Other sources of
drinking water were not tested for the bacteria. |
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39.
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Most populations introduced to a new ecosystem grow until factors such as lack
of food and overcrowding limit their growth, as illustrated above. What does the portion of the graph
labeled B represent?
a. | Exponential growth | c. | Birthrate decrease | b. | Slowing
growth | d. | Death rate increase
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40.
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A student plans to conduct an experiment to
determine how a change in the pH of water affects the population growth rate of algae. To ensure that
her experimental data are valid, she should —
a. | hold the acidity of the water
constant | c. | control the final algae population
sizes | b. | vary the temperature of the water
used | d. | use the same species of algae in all
trials |
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41.
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Using this tool, Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to
—
a. | use a telescope | c. | magnify plants | b. | see microscopic
organisms | d. | observe light waves |
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42.
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Viruses are made up of either DNA or RNA
surrounded by a coating of protein. When the two main substances that make up a virus are broken into
smaller fragments, these fragments are —
a. | fatty acids and amino acids | c. | amino acids and nucleotides | b. | amino acids and simple sugars | d. | fatty acids and
glycerol |
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43.
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Which of these species is most closely related
to Felis rufus?
a. | Acer rubrum | c. | Felis
concolor | b. | Selasphorus rufus | d. | Canis
rufus |
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44.
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Timothy has attached earlobes like his maternal
grandfather. His mother and father both have free earlobes, which are dominant. Which statement best
explains how Timothy inherited attached earlobes?
a. | He received a recessive allele from each
parent | c. | He received a recessive allele from his mother and a
dominant allele from his father. | b. | He received a
dominant allele from each parent. | d. | He received a dominant allele from his mother and a
recessive allele from his father. |
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45.
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Cells of a fungus and an animal were being
studied. Which of these would be found in both of these cells?
a. | Cell wall | c. | Mitochondria | b. | Chloroplasts | d. | Cilia |
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46.
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The graph shows the populations of ladybugs and the red mites on which they
feed. On which date did the ladybug population begin to exceed the red mite
population?
a. | June 6 | c. | June 14 | b. | June 10 | d. | June 20 |
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47.
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The organisms at the beginning of a food chain
are —
a. | producers | c. | decomposers | b. | consumers | d. | omnivores |
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48.
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The model of DNA used today was proposed by
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. In this model, what sequence of bases would be complementary
to A-G-C-T-A?
a. | A-G-C-T-A | c. | A-T-C-G-A | b. | C-G-C-A-T | d. | T-C-G-A-T |
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49.
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Which of these animals has the same type of
symmetry as a vertebrate?
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50.
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Gymnosperms (a group of plants including
conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants) share many traits but are classified in separate groups.
Which is a difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a. | Only angiosperms form wood. | c. | Only angiosperms produce seeds within fruits. | b. | Only gymnosperms reproduce with spores. | d. | Only gymnosperms
have vascular tissue. |
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